Tham khảo Đế quốc Massina

  1. ↑ Abdul Azim Islahi (2009). “Islamic economic thinking in the 12th AH/18th CE century with special reference to Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi” (PDF). MPRA (Paper No. 75432): 48,41. Lưu trữ bản gốc ngày 15 tháng 5 năm 2021.
  2. ↑ Fage, J.D. (1969). A History of West Africa: An Introductory Survey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. tr. 154–155.
  3. ↑ Johnson, Marion (1976). “The Economic Foundations of an Islamic Theocracy: The Rise of Masina”. Journal of African History. 17 (4): 481–495. doi:10.1017/S0021853700015024.
  4. ↑ J. F. Ade Ajayi; A. A. Boahen; UNESCO International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa (1989). “3 - New trends and processes in Africa in the Nineteenth Century until the 1880s”. General History of Africa (PDF). VI - Africa in the Nineteenth Century until the 1880s. Heinemann Publishers, University of California Press, UNESCO. tr. 42. Lưu trữ (PDF) bản gốc ngày 15 tháng 5 năm 2021.

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